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Climate change is visualized using CO2 data.
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I once used a boring instrument to take core samples from trees at timberline in the Rocky Mountains. When the cores were examined, they showed growth rings over decades and, in some cases, centuries. Counting the rings, I could determine how much time had elapsed since fires had burned through the forest and allowed surviving trees to regrow. The "record keeping" of the rings helped me understand the long-term ecological events I was trying to interpret.
Counting layers in various ...